Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Estimating And Pre Contracts Quantity Surveying Construction Essay

Assessing And Pre Contracts Quantity Surveying Construction Essay The most significant phase of any task is Estimating and Pre-Contracts Quantity Surveying. Care must be taken at this stage, to deliver a progressively precise and sensible expense of the venture so the customer is in information on the budgetary prerequisite with no significant astonishments, for effective consummation of task inside the spending plan. Development ventures are consistently out of financial plan and deferred culmination date. The two fundamental reasons are either an off-base appraisal of the expense and length for the fulfillment of the venture or the customer is as a rule intentionally gave a diminished spending plan and a tight calendar for finishing of undertaking. Anyway the most widely recognized explanation is the mix of the expense and time gauges and the last being utilized by most specialists/engineers to persuade the customers to proceed with the venture. The decreased spending plan and the tight time plan is in some cases path away from the genuine, which is the primary purpose behind the breakdown of the customer. One of the harsh experience is with the Dubai Government Roads and Transport Authority being furnished with a Cost Estimate of about 4.25 billion dollars (15.5 billion dirhams) for the Dubai Metro Rail Project, which went over spending plan and crossed time limit while crossing 7.67 billion dollars (28 billion dirhams) use with still piece of the system stations being deficient. According to RTA there were four reasons of the expansion, first the undertaking was stretched out by 4.5 km, furthermore including a station with not many more kilometers of the rail, thirdly including two additional stations the Red Line and finally the changing of the inside of the stations definitely and including footbridges. Additionally to the way that in my profession of 10 years in Dubai, I have seen just one anticipate finished inside the spending plan and inside the dispensed tight timespan. The undertaking was executed with acceptable administration and appropriate assignment of assets to accomplish the finishing inside a brief timeframe. Anyway it isn't reasonable for accused Pre-Contracts strategy choosing the significant piece of the destiny of the development venture. Dynamic The PCQS needs to submit different reports as indicated by the different stages in Pre-Contracts. The different regions to be considered in the Pre-Contracts Quantity Surveying stage are as following 1) Selection of group. 2) Collection of verifiable information. 3) Identifying key personals worked specifically field to co-ordinate. 4) Incorporating contributions from different divisions heads. 5) Defining and executing for all intents and purposes a reasonable quality check methodology. 6) Following the different strides as per the phase of the archive submittal. 7) Team pioneer to distinguish and circulate the work to the capable faculty. 8) Quality Management, particularly during the finish of the accommodation date. 9) Preparing a progressively practical quote. 10) Back-checking by contrasting the Engineers Estimate and the sensible delicate opened. 11) Client can make the expert dependable by approaching to give reinforcements to the amounts and rates. 12) Including criticism and information gave from progressing ventures by Post Contract Quantity Surveyor. 13) Preparing of BOQ for Remaining Works of an agreement after the end of the Main Contractor. 14) Making the Consultant answerable for quotes gave to customers, to maintain a strategic distance from tremendous variety. 15) Quantity Surveyors to be quick and precise in managing Notice to Tenderers. To learn great exercises and maintain a strategic distance from future misfortune to the individuals from the development business, some contextual investigations are being given. ESTIMATION AND PRE-CONTRACTS QUANTITY SURVEYING The Pre-Contracts stage needs an excellent Quantity Surveyor having a wide scope of involvement in abilities to deal with the computations with the accessible programming and above all the memorable information accessible in the association for utilizing it as a base in Estimating. The ordinary technique in the pre-contracts evaluating is setting up the gauge during the Preliminary Study, Preliminary Design, Final Design and Tender Design. For tedious or comparable ventures, for which the association has great sound ongoing notable information, the contrast between all the stage gauges will be extremely less, if there is no extraordinary change in the extent of the work. The Quantity Surveyor will get ready and keep standard rates got from memorable information and keep as normal. It is better that the individual setting up the assessments, infers the standard rates himself, with the goal that he is in information on those things which are lumped into some unit rates or for those things whose cost to be independently determined if conceivable, or simply permit some rate in the possibilities or some other detail. As the stage advances the amounts and things turns out to be very much characterized and afterward just applying proper unit rates turns into a key fac tor. Be that as it may, at every single stage the Quantity Surveyor utilizing any presumption will save records for any future defense of the considerable number of assessments even until the beginning of the undertaking. The different phases of Pre-Contracts record submittal with rough time span is referenced beneath: Stage 1 Preliminary investigation One page gauge arranged by PCQS to be incorporated by the Project Manager in is study report. Stage 2 Preliminary Design (After around one month from stage 1) Volume 1 Tender and Contract Conditions Sample duplicate from past task Volume 2 Specifications Sample duplicate pertinent to the task Volume 3 BOQ Sample duplicate with thing depiction and without amounts, applicable to the task Volume 4 Drawings Relevant to the venture, including standard drawings applicable to the undertaking Primer Design Cost Estimate One page gauge of the task Stage 3 Final Design Document (After around one month from stage 2) Volume 1 Tender and Contract Conditions With all subtleties pertinent to the task Volume 2 Specifications Only pertinent to this task Volume 3 BOQ Actual things and amounts from drawings of this venture Volume 4 Drawings Relevant to the venture as it were Stage 4 Final Design Cost Estimate (On the seventh day from stage 3) Last Design Cost Estimate Detailed quote with amounts from drawings and current market rates. Stage 5 Tender Design Document (After around one month from stage 3) Volume 1, 2, 3 4 Tender and Contract Conditions Same as in stage 3 with joining of adjustments and changes. Stage 6 Notice to Tenderers (After the skimming of Tender archives to the bidders and not following 10 days before Tender opening date) It comprises of a report expressing the adjustments in all or any of the Volumes and the new pages. Stage 7 Engineers Estimate (upon the arrival of Tender opening date, after completely Bid records are opened and is submitted to the Client independently) It comprises of a definite quote with amounts from drawings and current market rates, in the wake of consolidating all NTTs. Stage 8 Tender Analysis (On the fourteenth day after stage 7) The PCQS needs to set up an investigation report of the offer archives submitted and contrast it and Engineers Estimate. Stage 9 Contract Documents (After stage 8 and finish of the fruitful bidder to grant the agreement) The PCQS needs to arrange all the records of Volumes 1, 2, 3 4 put together by the bidder and check if all the NTTs are consolidated and incorporate if any absent. He needs to likewise incorporate any post delicate correspondence and changes as concurred. This archive is sent to the Contractor for him to check and sign. This marked record is then marked by the Client and along these lines the Contract is framed. One duplicate of this marked archive goes to the Post Contracts segment, with which the duty of the PCQS is finished. The following are the different arrangements utilized in Pre-Contracts Documents: The product required is ostensible, for example, MS Word and MS Excel for getting ready archives. Also, for figuring amounts MS Excel is most impressive which can be utilized alongside Autocad, Microstation and Geopak. The Preliminary Study and Preliminary Design BOQ, comprises of test BOQ things with nil amounts as demonstrated as follows: Figure 1 The Final Design BOQ and Tender Design BOQ comprises of real work things with amounts determined from drawings as demonstrated as follows: Figure 2 Fundamental Study and Preliminary Design Cost Estimate position is as given underneath: Figure 3 Last Design Estimate and Tender Design Estimate is a nitty gritty gauge with work things, amounts and rates, as given underneath: Figure 4 An example page of the Tender Analysis is demonstrated as follows, which thinks about the rates and sums cited by three contractual workers. It additionally computes the base, normal and most extreme paces of the considerable number of temporary workers: Figure 5 The record of the Volume 1 Tender and Contract Conditions is demonstrated as follows: Figure 6 An example of the unit rate figuring sheet is demonstrated as follows: Figure 7 Viable APPLICATION OF PRE-CONTRACTS QUANTITY SURVEYING The investigation is calibrated to Infrastructure ventures like Roads and Bridges and utilizing FIDIC contract conditions and CESMM3 strategy for estimation. Coming up next are significant territories to be considered in Pre-Contracts stage. 1) Selection of group contingent upon the task and customer : This is the activity of the individual responsible for the QS group to choose the specific QSs who will have the option to convey the necessary venture with precision and in time. On the off chance that the venture is increasingly particular and novel, at that point the key QSs will have a superior building foundation and creative aptitudes to manage issues which comes up during the readiness of BOQ and gauge. Anyway some part of the work will be like routine work, which should be possible by different QSs. In this way inside the group jobs and obligations will be separated according to gauge and limit of carrying out the responsibility. The most significant angle is of correspondence, for example every single individual of the group will be conveyed of any progressions and offer new data got from other

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Across the Barricades - The good and the bad essays

Over the Barricades - The great and the terrible articles Over the Barricades is a novel loaded with bias and various suppositions on specific things in life Therefor the characters that Lingard presents have many character attributes. Lingard attempts to remote and stifle certain qualities by introducing various characters. Sadie, one of the fundamental characters in the novel, is a Protestant young lady. She is a decided and autonomous young lady with solid conclusions and she has a solid will. Another trait of Sadie is that she isn't apprehensive about supporting herself as well as other people. She battles for what she have confidence in and couldn't care less what others state. Another primary character is Kevin. He is a catholic kid. He is more scared of what individuals think than Sadie is and sees the results of their relationship more clear. As an individual Kevin can be depicted as quiet, genuine and persevering He is caring and won't hurt a fly except if he is gravely incited. Kevin feels that the battles between the Catholics and Protestants are nonsensical and pointless. Despite the fact that Brain Rafferty sells out Kevin, Kevin remains faithful to his old companion. He doesn't part with Brain when the police blamed him for possessing the firearm. In spite of the fact that Kevin and Sadie originates from various religions one can see they share the greater part of their accepts. The two of them accept they can be companions regardless of whether they have a place with various religions. Mr Blake shows up in a significant point in the novel. He gives Kevin and Sadie expectation and encourages them in their relationship. He himself is a Catholic, however he couldn't have cared less if individuals were Catholic or Protestant. He held no partiality against the individuals who had an unexpected religion in comparison to his own. Mr Blake considers others before he considers himself. He battles for what he puts stock in and won't surrender to psychological oppression. Individuals like Mr Blake and the Hendersons are perfect characters. On the off chance that everyone in Northern Ireland shared their disposition there would be no contention. ... <!

Monday, August 10, 2020

Social Phobia vs. Social Anxiety Disorder

Social Phobia vs. Social Anxiety Disorder Social Anxiety Disorder Related Conditions Print Social Phobia and Social Anxiety Disorder Differences Social Anxiety Disorder Has Replaced Social Phobia By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Updated on July 11, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Alain Daussin / Getty Images The difference between social phobia and social anxiety disorder (SAD) is largely chronological, in that social phobia is the former term and SAD is the current term for the disorder. The official psychiatric diagnosis of social phobia was introduced in the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-III). Social phobia was at that time described as a fear of performance situations  and did not include fears of less formal situations such as casual conversations or meeting people for the first time. When Did Social Phobia Become Social Anxiety Disorder? The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) is a tool healthcare providers use to determine whether a person meets the criteria for different mental illnesses, helping them to make accurate diagnoses. The DSM-III referred to this  mental disorder as social phobia and was very narrow in its scope of diagnosis. When the DSM-IV  was published in 1994, the term social phobia was replaced by social anxiety disorder. The new term was introduced to describe the broad and generalized nature of the fears that are a part of this disorder. The criteria were  also changed to reflect the latest research on this topic.   In past editions of the DSM, social phobia was diagnosed if an individual felt extreme discomfort or fear when performing in front of others.In the DSM-IV, social anxiety disorder could be diagnosed if an individual feared a variety of different social situations. For example, a fear of conversation with strangers at a dinner party wouldnt have been considered social phobia; however, under the DSM-IV, this fear would fit the criteria for social anxiety disorder.   How Common Is Social Anxiety Disorder While you may feel very alone if you have social anxiety disorder, more than 15 million Americans are affected. Women are more likely to be diagnosed with the disorder than men. Diagnostic Criteria for Social Anxiety Disorder Social anxiety disorder goes  beyond nervousness or feeling socially awkward; it can be debilitating, harm relationships with loved ones, and hurt your career.To be diagnosed with SAD...Your response must be completely disproportionate to the situation. For example, having a severe panic attack or vomiting before giving a work presentation.Your symptoms must be present for at least six months.  Your symptoms must interfere with daily life, including work or other everyday activities. If your anxiety is so bad that you miss work and need to stay in bed, this means you need social anxiety treatment. An Overview of Social Anxiety Disorder How Is Social Anxiety Treated? Social anxiety disorder is treated with therapy, medication or a combination of the two. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is one type of treatment that teaches you a new way of thinking and processing information.Medication can minimize feelings of anxiety, allowing you to take a step back from your anxious thoughts. Both therapy and medication are used to minimize your anxiety so that you can handle social situations more easily.   While social anxiety can be distressing and limit your activities, seeking treatment can make a substantial positive impact on your life. If you have had symptoms of social anxiety disorder, consult with your physician to begin a treatment plan and find a good therapist. Through therapy sessions and continual work, you will notice a substantial difference in the way that you are feeling. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Saturday, May 23, 2020

Imperialism And Racism In Joseph Conrads Heart Of Darkness

The Negative Impact of Imperialism and Racism In the novella ‘Heart Of Darkness’ Marlow is a sailor who is telling the story to four other sailors about his expedition to The Congo and everything that ensued after he went on the expedition. Imperialism and racism has a negative impact on Marlow and Kurtz in Joseph Conrad’s novella â€Å"Heart Of Darkness† which reveals the savagery of the practice of imperialism. One of the impacts that is shown is near the end when Kurtz comes down with jungle fever and starts to show the symptoms. When Kurtz dies his last words are â€Å"The horror! The horror† (Conrad 69). When Kurtz says this, he is feeling remorse for everything that he has done to the natives of the land and all that he had put them through.†¦show more content†¦Then he sees that some of the Africans after they are done working they are left to die off from starvation and exhaustion. This is one of the key moments that Marlow starts to question if imperialism is really helpful to the Natives at all, if what him, Kurtz, and the Europeans are practicing is even morally right. Kurtz says what he is doing for the Natives is helping them by civilizing them and all of their savageness when in all actuality he only came to The Congo to fulfil all his wishes and his lusts. He tells all the colonizers that him and the Europeans is only there to help the Natives Christianize and civilize all the â€Å"ignorant† Natives, but they are actually there just for exploiting, trading, and manipulating just for the sake of ivory and money. Kurtz knows about the tragedy and heartache that him and the Europeans put upon the Natives by the practice of imperialism which he chooses to ignore or to even at the least acknowledge what they have done. Instead of owning up to the negative impact of the practice and imperialism that him and the Europeans participated in he decides to ignore his part of the problem he had a hand in and says â€Å" The Romans were conquerors and n otShow MoreRelated Comparing Colonialism and Imperialism in Heart of Darkness and Kiplings Poetry1515 Words   |  7 PagesImperialism in Heart of Darkness and Kiplings Poetry   Ã‚  Ã‚   Imperialism sprung from an altruistic and unselfish aim to take up the white mans burden1 and â€Å"wean [the] ignorant millions from their horrid ways.†2 These two citations are, of course, from Kipling’s â€Å"White Man’s Burden† and Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, respectively, and they splendidly encompass what British and European imperialism was about – at least seen from the late-nineteenth century point of view. This essay seeks to exploreRead MoreEssay about Heart of Darkness1745 Words   |  7 Pagesin depth review of Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, a classical novella that illustrates without bias the motives behind human intentions and the extremes individuals can go to achieve wealth and profits at the expense of others with the aim of shedding insight into the rise of European imperialism, the imperial history, its politics and evil activities in the colonized African tribes along the river Congo during the e ighteenth and nineteenth century. The Heart of Darkness is an exceptionallyRead More Theme of Colonialism and Imperialism in Conrads Heart of Darkness1008 Words   |  5 PagesThe Theme of Imperialism in Heart of Darkness       Of the themes in Conrads Heart of Darkness, imperialism and colonialism are probably the most important. While Heart of Darkness is actually set on the Thames River, the events Marlow describes are set on the Congo River. The Congo is the river that brought about the partition of Africa that occurred from 1880 to 1890 (McLynn 13). This event marked the beginning of the colonization of Africa. In 1884, European nations held a conference andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Heart Of Darkness By Chinua Achebe1364 Words   |  6 Pages In Chinua Achebe’s essay, â€Å"An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad s Heart of Darkness,† Achebe purports that Joseph Conrad’s short story, Heart of Darkness, should not be taught due to it’s racist caricature of Africa and African culture. In Conrad’s book, Marlow, a sea captain, is tasked with venturing into the center of the Congo, otherwise known as the Heart of Darkness, to retrieve a mentally unstable ivory trader named Kurtz. Marlow narrates his adventures with a tinge of apathy for the enslavedRead More Colonialism and Imperialism in Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay1016 Words   |  5 PagesImperialism Exposed in Conrads Heart of Darkness      Ã‚   Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness is a novel about European imperialism and its far-reaching effects. Conrad relates his personal opinions through the protagonist, Marlow, who learns a great deal about imperialism while on a journey to the African Congo. Although Heart of Darkness seems to be an anti-imperialistic work, this is not entirely true. Conrad condemns the overly idealistic nature of imperialism, but does not attack BritainsRead MoreHeart of Darkness on the Flaws of Imperial Authority1024 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Heart of Darkness† on the Flaws of Imperial Authority Throughout Joseph Conrad’s â€Å"Heart of Darkness† despite the many conditions of the described Africa most if not all the characters agree that these conditions indeed differ from the conditions found in Europe. In working through conversations with Chinua Achebe’s Colonialist Criticism and An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrads Heart of Darkness it can be brought to light that not only is Conrad’s â€Å"Heart of Darkness† a novel that criticizesRead MoreIs Joseph Conrad a Racist and Does His Work Portray It? Essay3298 Words   |  14 Pages(1975), Chinua Achebe takes a strong stance against Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness. He asserts that Conrad was a racist and his novella is a product of his racism. A following quote that is good to show Achebe opinion for Conrad is: The point of my observations should be quite clear by now, namely that Joseph Conrad was a thoroughgoing racist. That this simple truth is glossed over in criticisms of his work is due to the fact that white racism against Africa is such a normal way of thinkingRead More Achebes Misinterpretation of Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay718 Words   |  3 Pages Achebes Misinterpretation of Heart of Darkness nbsp; Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness is heralded by many as a classic, but over the years has presented many problems of interpretation. One of the most notable misinterpretations is Chinua Achebes An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrads Heart of Darkness. In it, Achebe points to various passages in the book that supposedly prove that Conrad and his book are racist, and that the book should be cast out of the canon of classic literatureRead MoreDr. Miller s Heart Of Darkness1936 Words   |  8 Pages Since the publication of Heart of Darkness, it has been the center of a great deal of controversy that revolves around its depiction of the natives of the continent of Africa at the height of European Imperialism. J. Miller argues that we must first read Heart of Darkness if we are to decide whether or not we should read Heart of Darkness. He also believes that Conrad himself is not racist, but rather he is ironically portraying the prevailing thought in Europe at the time of the novel. Chinu a AchebeRead MoreEssay Prejudice, Racism and Power in Heart of Darkness977 Words   |  4 PagesRace and Power in Heart of Darkness      Ã‚   In Joseph Conrads novella, Heart of Darkness, the socially constructed differences of African and European cultures are effective in representing the power sites of the time. The alleged `superiority of the European culture can be recognized by comparing their ideologies to those of the primitive, `inferior `savages. Conrads personal experiences in the Belgian Congo, in the 1890s, influenced the compilation of Heart of Darkness, reflecting the

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

Raskolnikov As A Good Man Essay - 1415 Words

Haley Spackman Mrs. Mcloud AP Lit- Period 5 14 October 2015 Guilt Raskolnikov lives an ordinary life as an ordinary man. He is a good man and has a good heart, but he soon commits a crime that will forever change his life. Raskolnikov is a good man; I believe he is kind, generous, and selfless. Now, how are all of these positive traits found in a murderer? I think was caught in a psychotic moment, his mental state was not all there, and he had a dream, he made a plan, and he committed this terrible crime. A good example of Raskolnikov being a kind hearted person, and selfless is when he sees a young girl at the end of the street, he sees by her a rough looking man staring at her. He starts to get very worried what this man might do to this young girl. He goes down the street to get this young girl, and he pays for a taxi to get her home. This was so generous, and small yet so impactful. Raskolnikov cared about what might happen to this young girl, and did something about it. This showed how selfless Raskolnikov is, and what a kind heart he has. I think this shows Raskolnikov’s true character. From here, he makes some terrible decisions, and is engulfed by guilt, but I believe he is a generous, kindhearted person. In this book, Crime And Punishment, Raskolnikov goes from being an ordinary man with an ordinary life to a murderer, tortured by guilt, haunted by the memory of his crime, and him finding himself again in society after the murders. Raskolnikov soonShow MoreRelated Moral Conflicts in Crime and Punishment Essay1270 Words   |  6 Pagesother characters are introduced, is Rodion Romanovitch Raskolnikov. Raskolnikov murders an old pawnbroker woman for seemingly no reason at all. His sister and mother move to St. Petersburg following his sisters engagement to a man whom Raskolnikov was extremely displeased. Raskolnikov undergoes severe mental trauma, and falls ill after the killing. The reader isnt sure why Raskolnikov killed the woman, indeed it appears that Raskolnikov didnt know himself. He is surrounded by friends and hisRead MoreFyodor Dostoevsky Crime And Punishment Analysis1214 Words   |  5 Pagesdisapproval on the Superman theory In the novel â€Å"Crime and Punishment†, by Fyodor Dostoevsky, Dostoevsky expresses his disapproval of the Ubermensch theory by using his main character; Raskolnikov who tries to become an extraordinary person but fails to do so. Raskolnikov is put in a group where people maintain the idea that man is not actually equal but are divided into two separate groups which are; the ordinary people who are locked within the laws and tradition of society by only reproducing their ownRead MoreMarxist Theory on Crime and Punishment Essays742 Words   |  3 Pages  Ã‚  This  novel  embodies  the  Marxist  theory  because  it  is  a  proclamation  of  a  proletariat,  being that  Raskolnikov  is  out  of  place  in  society,  struggling  from  a  paralyzing  poverty  and  has  a  craving  for fighting  for  the  common  good  among  a  society  of  unjust  people. According  to  the  Marxist  the ory,  deviance  is  an  understandable  response  to  poverty. Throughout  the  novel,  there  are  many  instances  where  Raskolnikov,  along  with  other  characters  in  the novel,  suffer  from  poverty  and  in  return  take  drastic  measuresRead MoreCrime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoevsky Essay1585 Words   |  7 Pagesdream in which Raskolnikov, as a child, watches a mare as it is beaten to death. This dream is interpreted by Raskolnikov as a cue to murder the old woman. The mare seems to be a parallel to the old woman because the spectators do not care about the mare, and she is beaten to death as a form of entertainment. Similarly, neither Raskolnikov, nor the rest of society cares for the old lady, so he views the murder as something that will benefit all of society. But in this dream, Raskolnikov, a young boyRead MoreCrime and Punishment Quotes921 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom cowardice, thats an axiom. It w ould be interesting to know what it is men are most afraid of. Ââ€"Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov By saying this Raskolnikov suggests that men are capable of doing whatever they wish, and the only thing that holds them back are their fears. Because of this Raskolnikov wonders what mans greatest fear is, and with that comes the one thing that no man is capable of doing. 2. Â…for though Pyotr Petrovitch has been so kind as to undertake part of the expenses of theRead MoreJustice In Crime And Punishment, By Fyodor Dostoevsky1262 Words   |  6 Pagesideal. Primarily, he focuses on a man named Raskolnikov, who murders two women and then wrestles with his motives. As Raskolnikov’s hopeless outlook drives him to madness, his friend Sonia reveals an alternative view of justice, which allows for redemption. Through analyzing his character’s viewpoints, Dostoevsky never explicitly defines justice; instead, he exposes his audience to different interpretations to form their own conclusions. However, by depicting Raskolnikov spiraling into madness, DostoevskyRead MoreCrime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoevsky881 Words   |  3 PagesPunishment, by Fyodor Dostoevsky, Raskolnikov faces a split in his con-science. Despite his attempts to achieve and maintain rational self interest, Raskolnikov finds it impossible to escape his own human nature. Throughout the course of the novel, Raskolnikov becomes divided between modernity and morality, and is continuously pulled back towards hu-man nature. From the start, Raskolnikov portrayed clearly that he was not like other people from his time. Raskolnikov had developed a habit of seclusionRead MoreDostoyevskys Crime And Punishment1447 Words   |  6 Pages is an extraordinary man; wants to rid society of the pawnbroker, the louse; wants simply to lift himself from debt with the money he stole. But these explanations do not strike the heart of the matter: there is a deeper cause. The ultimate reason behind Raskolnikov’s violent murder of the pawnbroker stems from a combination of an oppressive environment of poverty and Raskolnikov’s characteristic arrogance. Good, straightforward thesis It is almost a given that Raskolnikov was poor, however theRead MoreRaskolnikov V. Svidrigailov1393 Words   |  6 Pagesin which the primary element that plagues the protagonist, Rodion Raskolnikov, is not a person but rather an idea; his own idea. Raskolnikov has an unhealthy obsession with rendering himself into what he perceives as the ideal, supreme human being, an à ¼bermensch. Raskolnikov forms for himself a theory in which he will live purely according to his own will and transcend the social norms and moralities that dominate society. Raskolnikov suggests that acts commonly regarded as immoral are to be reservedRead MoreCrime and Punishment: Dostoevskys Portrayal of Anti-Nihilism 1443 Words   |  6 Pages(Eggers). Nihilism is commonly linked to utilitarianism, or the idea that moral decisions should be based on the rule of the greatest happiness for the largest number of people. Raskolnikov, the protagonist in Crime and Punishment, is a Nihilist, which is his main reason for committing the murders. As a Nihilist, Raskolnikov is a man who approaches everything from a critical point of view...who does not bow down before any authorities, who does not accept a single principle on faith, no matter how much

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Psychological factors Free Essays

Games Psychological factors Prepared by: Mohamed Diab Computer games are popular because they affect us emotionally, in a similar way to films and music. Just as a horror movie makes you feel scared, a survival horror computer game can terrify you too. In some ways the game makes it feel more real because you are controlling the character, so what happens to the character can feel like it is happening to you. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological factors or any similar topic only for you Order Now Games designers use the psychological factors to improve their games and make the experience of playing them more memorable. It can be one very simply and subtly, or it can be done in a very obvious way, depending on the needs of the game. Use of Sound Sound can make you feel lots of different things – it can make you feel happy, sad, scared, brave. There isn’t a single human emotion that hasn’t been represented in music or sound effects at some point in our history. Games designers use this to their advantage and there will be an audio designer whose role is to pick the sound effects and musical scores that are used throughout a game. High-pitched, fast-paced music or sound effects tend to make you feel more excited and as if you are in the middle of the ction. Platform games and racing games use these features to add to the game’s excitement and pace. Page 2 of 10 Horror games use string instruments such as violins and the sound of creaking floor boards to make people feel tense in the same way that a horror movie does. High Score Listings anyone except the computer. Even multiplayer games were usually limited to two people. Single-player games today are often driven by the storyline and the player will continue playing to the end in order to find out what happens. In more basic games, however, this is not the case. The high score table or list becomes the otivation to play again and again. If you feel compelled to improve your high score then you will keep on playing the game until you succeed and this means that you will get more game-play for your money. A high score list is an alternative to the storyline as a motivator for playing a game repeatedly. Some recent games, especially sports games and casual games, still include high score lists and you often have the option to publish your score on line through the game so that you can compare yours to those of people across the world. In many FPS (first person shooter) games that ave online multiplayer settings, you can have a world ranking which shows you how well you are doing in a similar way to a high score list. Page 3 of 10 Competitive Games Competition with others is a driving factor that makes people try to improve their skills and abilities. High score lists will encourage you to compete against yourself, but competitive games where you play against other people will make you even more motivated to improve. Throughout our history there are examples of people competing against each other in order to prove that they are the best at something. The most wellknown example is he Olympic Games, where people come together from every country in the world to compete, and the event generates a lot of international goodwill and excitement. Inevitably there are occasions when people become over-competitive and the desire to win becomes a negative rather than positive motivation. On the whole, however, competition teaches people to be good losers, to push themselves and to analyse their skills and formulate plans to improve those skills. These are all positive attributes that make an individual successful in the world of work and are undeniably associated with being successful at computer games. Page 4 of 10 Since online multiplayer games have become mainstream, people have enjoyed playing a range of different games against friends or strangers. Some of the consoles that are aimed at younger children, such as the Nintendo† Wii or DS, restrict online play to those who are known to the player in day-to-day life rather than introducing them to people through the game that they have never met face to face. How to cite Psychological factors, Papers

Saturday, May 2, 2020

Pathophysiology of Osteoporosis Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Pathophysiology of Osteoporosis. Answer: Introduction Osteoporosis is a condition which affects borne by weakening them and also making them more fragile that they can break. The condition develops slowly and leads to abnormal porous born which is compressible like a sponge. The condition usually results in fractures and it affects one in two white women and also one in two of white men in their lifetime (Salam et al., 2014). The consequences of fractures encompass the loss of function, increased mortality and significant cost. The key factors of the condition are genetic, lack of calcium and vitamin D and also lack of exercise. Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, family history of the condition, history of rheumatoid arthritis and low body weight. The patients with osteoporosis have no symptoms till the occurrence of fractures. The condition can be diagnosed by the X-rays and also the confirmed tests aimed at measuring the density of the bone. The study focuses on Marika who is approximated to have 80 years and is complaining to be suffering from osteoporosis. Pathophysiology of osteoporosis The basic mechanisms which are responsible for the development of osteoporosis are linked to mass acquisition at the time of development and growth and enhanced bone loss in the time after peak bone mass is attained. All these processes are modulated by environmental and genetic factors (Mirza and Canalis, 2015). Nearly 66 percent of the fracture risks in postmenopausal women is usually determined by peak bone mass. However, the peak bone mass is higher in black people as compared to Asians and whites. Studies have shown that half of the bone mass is amassed during pubertal development and it is linked to the high levels of sex hormones. Accumulation of the materials of bone is minimal at during the next 5 to 15 years. However, the peak bone mass is attained at 30 years of life. This condition is multifactorial in pathophysiology. The fractures of the condition happen due to a combination of intrinsic bone fragility and injury (Salam et al., 2014). The injuries are associated with po or postural reflexes which fail to protect bony parts from any impacts, falls, and minimized padding of soft tissue over bony prominences. Furthermore, the fragility is a combined geometry with the severance of micro-architectural links, low mass density in tabular structures and changed bone material quality. Bone quality is due to the accumulated fatigue damage but minimized collagen cross-links and some other essential material faults can also have a big role (Salam et al., 2014). The reduction in the mass of the bone is a result of combinations such as deficiency in calcium and vitamin D, reduced physical tasks, defects of medicines used to treat other conditions and comorbidity. In addition, the poor result of hip fractures in old people is as a result of linked protein-calorie malnutrition. The caloric and protein malnutrition predisposes to falls and reduces the soft tissue cover on the bony eminences. The history of weighing of women and girls having anorexia nervosa is a crucial predictor for osteoporosis development. The chronic use is linked to the reduced BMD in lumbar spine and femoral neck (Salam et al., 2 014). It is one of the risk factors for osteoporosis. Some other deficiencies linked to the alcohol abuse have a big role in osteoporosis development. Female being the most vulnerable people to osteoporosis is a factor which risked Marika from falling sick. However, being at the age of 80 years is another factor. Marika had hypertensions which is also another risk which could have made her have the condition. Since she lost her husband and left with responsibilities of looking after Bronco, life might have been hard to an extent that she did not get balance diet food to assist in building her bones. Tests for osteoporosis Marika should undergo a test to examine her conditions. The tests she should undergo are mentioned below. Bone density test This is the only test which can diagnose osteoporosis prior to fractures. The test assists to get rid of the bone densities and the chance of her to break a bone (Lorentzon and Cummings, 2015). The test uses a machine to examine the bone density of Marika and also estimates the amount of hip bone, spine bone and other types of bones. I believe that this kind of test is suitable for Marika due to her age. The health care providers recommend that the bone density of hip and spine should be done for many reasons. For instance, people with such kinds of diseases have the ability to fractures these bones easily (Lorentzon and Cummings, 2015). However, these fractures can cause serious issues the common X-rays cannot be used due to the fact that they are not able to show osteoporosis till when it is in advance stages. Furthermore, an X-ray can be employed with density tests to detect cases of broken bones. Screening test also falls under density tests and it is meant to measure the density of the bone in the finger, lower arm and wrist. These tests will assist Marika to identify if the show will be likely to benefit from further bone density examinations. Signs which Marika had One of the noticeable symptoms which Marika had is the pain. This could have been due to some fractures in her bones. However, due to lack of calcium in the body, it leads to high blood pressure and this has been a problem Marika have been battling with (Kling et al., 2014). Marika also was not able to perform duties to mean that her bones were weak. Marikas stage of osteoporosis Marika is in the acute stage of osteoporosis. This due to the development of pains which could be as a result of bone fractures in the spine, wrist, neck, and hip. The broken bone could have landed on the nerve causing lots of pain (Kling et al., 2014). She is also unable to perform tasks. Treatment for osteoporosis Treatment for osteoporosis is a right direction for the bone health. The common medication for this condition are bisphosphates which include zoledronic acid, alendronate, and ibandronate. The hormone-like estrogen plays a role in prevention and treatment of osteoporosis but there have been concerned side effects (Adler et al., 2016). They should be the lowest dose of these hormones for a short period. Women who are menopausal conditions can weigh the advantage of improved health condition. The hormone-like medications, however, have been approved for treating this condition an example is raloxifene. Furthermore, denosumab is one of the new medication which has been found to reduce the risks of the osteoporosis fracture in both women and men. Denosumab can also be used for individuals who are not in a position to take a bisphosphonate, an example is the ones with reduced kidney failure. Teriparatide is commonly used for men and also for postmenopausal women having low bone density, those whose their condition was caused by steroid medication or who have fractures this kind of drug is suitable for Marika and it is potential to rebuild the bone(Black and Rosen, 2016). In addition, another newest medication for osteoporosis is abaloparatide. Just like teriparatide, this kind of drug has the potential to rebuild the bone, research has shown that abaloparatide is more effective as compared to teriparatide but it is not likely to cause additional calcium. The medication of osteoporosis put a brake on the progress. The very drugs to treat this condition maintain the density of the bone and reduce the risk of bone fracture due to osteoporosis. Strepntium renelate have a potential effect on the cells which break down bone and also the cells which develop new bones. The drug can be employed as an alternative for bisphosphates.it is administered in powder which is dissolved in water. The use of SERMs is also applicable for treatment of osteoporosis. These are kinds of medications which have similar effects on the bone like estrogen (Black and Rosen, 2016). The assist in maintaining the bone density and also minimize the risk of a spine fracture. Osteoporosis also can be treated by use of vitamin D and calcium supplements calcium is one of the component minerals of the bone which is necessary for marinating healthy bones. Having osteoporosis means that one needs more calcium in supplement form. However, vitamin D is required in the body to assist in the absorption of calcium. Due to the fact that vitamin D is found in few types of foods, the osteoporosis patients should consider taking daily supplements that contain 10mcg. It is advisable that people should consider balanced diets particularly the ones which help in rebuilding bones in order to avoid osteoporosis in future. Conclusions Osteoporosis is a condition which affects bones. Older women are more susceptible to the disease and nutrition and behavioural factors can contribute it. Marika being a victim the condition is at the acute stage of osteoporosis. She might have lacked bone rebuilding foods thus making her susceptible to the condition. She had to undergo bone density tests to evaluate if she really had the disease. The treatments for the condition varies. For instance, bisphosphates, Teriparatide which is commonly used for men and also for postmenopausal women having low bone density, the Strepntium relate is employed as an alternative for bisphosphates, vitamin D, and calcium supplements calcium. However, the hormone-like estrogen can also be used and it plays a role in prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. References Mirza, F. and Canalis, E., 2015. Management of endocrine disease: secondary osteoporosis: pathophysiology and management.European Journal of Endocrinology,173(3), pp.R131-R151. Salam, S.N., Eastell, R. and Khwaja, A., 2014. Fragility fractures and osteoporosis in CKD: pathophysiology and diagnostic methods.American Journal of Kidney Diseases,63(6), pp.1049-1059. Lorentzon, M. and Cummings, S.R., 2015. Osteoporosis: the evolution of a diagnosis.Journal of internal medicine,277(6), pp.650-661. Black, D.M. and Rosen, C.J., 2016. Postmenopausal osteoporosis.New England Journal of Medicine,374(3), pp.254-262. Adler, R.A., El?Hajj Fuleihan, G., Bauer, D.C., Camacho, P.M., Clarke, B.L., Clines, G.A., Compston, J.E., Drake, M.T., Edwards, B.J., Favus, M.J. and Greenspan, S.L., 2016. Managing Osteoporosis in Patients on Long?Term Bisphosphonate Treatment: Report of a Task Force of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.Journal of Bone and Mineral Research,31(1), pp.16-35. Kling, J.M., Clarke, B.L. and Sandhu, N.P., 2014. Osteoporosis prevention, screening, and treatment: a review.Journal of women's health,23(7), pp.563-572.

Monday, March 23, 2020

Antigone and Creon essays

Antigone and Creon essays Sophocles Antigone is a giant of classic Greek tragedy. It has inspired thought and emotion in readers and audiences for over 2400 years. Though the storyline seems simple enough, the plays plot drives home a wide array of universal human concerns. This is the main thrust of its timeless attraction. The story of Antigone is the story of the conflicts between Antigone and Creon, and through them the individual and the state, the physical and the metaphysical, free will and fate. Through archaic style and ancient history, these messages echo back to us still. Antigone and her rebellion against Creons dictates (as well as his reaction) set the stage for most of the plays symbolism. At first Antigone seems very clearly to be the main character, with Creon playing the antagonist to her protagonist. His actions can only follow from those of Antigone, so he cannot be the traditional protagonist like Oedipus in Oedipus Rex. But later in the play the line is blurred. The way his actions work and feed the conflict throughout make him fit the definition of a protagonist; the main character through whom the story flows. After Antigone's capture, the play centers on Creon and his decisions. Her addition to the conflict is all but spent. So both in turn provide the main contributions throughout the play. Another case of friction between the two characters is their view. One initially feels pity for Antigone because she is being sentenced to death for standing up for what she believes is good and right in the eyes of the gods. Antigone plays to the readers respect for her heroism, choosing to follow the laws of the Gods above Creons laws and punishments. "It is the dead, not the living that make the longest demands: we die forever...you may do as you like, since apparently the laws of the Gods mean nothing to you."(I.59-62), she accuses in an argument with Creon. Her democratic slant also puts her in good s ...

Friday, March 6, 2020

Intro Capitalism vs Communism essays

Intro Capitalism vs Communism essays Does a relationship flourish more when it is controlled or when it is free to grow on its own? The question of whether it would excel better as a controlled relationship or a free relationship also relates to the government's total control of economy through communism, in contrast with the "laissez faire"-style, free economy through capitalism. To decide which of these perspectives best meets the needs of citizens, issues such as quality of life, protection of individual rights, and which system would produce the most wealth for an economy need to be addressed. Communism is a perspective that focuses on state-control of the economy, classless society, economic equality, and public-owned private property. It would provide for a classless society in which all was shared equally. This concept appealed to many people, and during the late 1800's and early 1900's, socialist parties were formed to work towards the goals Karl Marx described. Some of the countries to follow suit were Ru ssia and China. Unfortunately, these developments may lead to extreme forms such as dictatorship, or suppression of individual rights. On the other side of the spectrum is capitalism, a perspective focused on private ownership of property, division of labour, competition, specialization and individual self-interest to increase production. Capitalism provides for an increased quality of life, as well as more opportunity for wealth and success. Unfortunately, government-free economies allow for some individuals to fall into poverty, resulting in a lower quality of life. Capitalism would clearly benefit a country, as it would provide far more advantages than communism, such as increased quality of life, protection of individual rights, and the opportunity for wealth. ...

Tuesday, February 18, 2020

Cost and Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cost and Management - Assignment Example ant, or a management accountant must â€Å"perform their professional duties in accordance with relevant laws, regulations, and technical standards (1996, 23).† Lis proposal clearly violates laws, regulations and technical standards by incorporating her personal assets in order to increase the companys assets, as well as making her employee shoulder temporarily a part of the expenses in order to increase the companys income. Aside from violating the standard of competence, Lis proposal also violates the standard of integrity, which according to Horngren, Bamber & Stratton, accountant should â€Å"refrain from engaging in any activity that would prejudice their ability to carry out their duties ethically [and to] refrain from engaging in or supporting any activity that would discredit the profession (1996, 23).† The philosophy behind accounting is to come up with reports that will show the performance of the company to people with vested interests to the company, such as the government, for the taxes, and the companys investors such as shareholders and creditors. With accounting, fair and accurate information is desired to be produced for the purpose of objectivity, another ethical standard for accounting. Only with objective information will people such as investors and creditors will put their trust on the company, investing on the company for the hope of gaining some return through competent management in the process. This will be violated with Lis proposal, as well. A. Using the Weighted Average method, prepare a production cost report (following the 4 steps outlined in the text) for the Strings department for October. Round to 4 decimal places for unit costs and to the nearest dollar in the production cost report. C. Assume that in order to remain competitive, the company undertook a major cost-cutting program during February. Would the effects of this cost-cutting program tend to show up more under the weighted average or under the FIFO method? Explain your

Monday, February 3, 2020

The Invisible Man Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Invisible Man - Essay Example Bledsoe, a Black just like him, who he trusted fooled him, giving him falls hopes to which he has dedicated his life: â€Å"To Whom It May Concern: Keep This Nigger-Boy Running (33). Yet it is in his disillusionment that he begins to confront the lies he naively accepted, driving him to search and carve for his own name. He then worked against the system, he once believed. But again, he is betrayed. He begins to understand the opposing social forces that drive him to invisibility. So he receded from all these, living underground in a â€Å"hole in the basement† (7). He begins then to understand what is meant for an invisible man, like him, become visible. Yet with all these conflicting experiences, he is not still sure how to fathom his grandfather’s parting words to his father: â€Å"Live with your head in the lion’s mouth. I want you to overcome ‘em with yeses, undermine ‘em with grins, agree ‘em to death...† (14). Does it mean, remain invisible to become visible? Or does it mean to become what you are (become visible) whatever it takes? There are many possibilities.

Sunday, January 26, 2020

Marketing Plan for Soft Drink Company

Marketing Plan for Soft Drink Company This report will serve as a marketing plan to introduce an innovative Orange drink by the name of Orangee in the UK market. Orangee would be a revolution in the beverage industry of UK as the proposed market plan is covering all aspects of the marketing such as the target customers, current market situation and preferences of people. This report will draft out various marketing strategies and market analysis of the competitors and prospect of the launching of this drink in the UK market. The proposed marketing strategies are strong enough to raise Orangee market size up to 1 million people and a forecasted sale of up to 5 million pounds yearly. Further, the quality of product would be of utmost importance. This will help a great deal in order to consider the product for export at a later time which will definitely shoot up the profits considerably. Export potential will be considered in Eastern Europe where there is a slump in the beverage industry. Several beverage companies in Eastern Europe have failed to address the demands of the local customers so there is a huge opportunity there to excel the drink which could be a part of our business provided the type of response we get in UK after the launch of the drink. Orangee Introduction: Orangee will be a bottled orange drink with Orange colour used as the main theme for the packaging to make it attractive and also for the promotion of the drink. The concentration of pure oranges in drink will be more than 90 percent with fractional artificial flavours and taste enhancers to make the drink more striking to the consumers. Further, the drink price will be economical and easily affordable for the majority of the people in UK. For the purpose of initial testing of the market, the introductory price of Orangee would be fractionally lower than its competitors. After the response of the market, the new price would then be introduced. With comparing it with some of the orange juice competitors like Nestle Orange juice, Tropicana Orange Juice; Orangee will prove itself as the best budget drink with high quality and low price. Target Market: Thorough market research and deep analysis is instrumental in hitting your target market with a bang. Factors such as market trends, buyers intentions, statistical demand analysis, test marketing etc are critical in determining the sale potential. Target market can be more than one and different marketing strategies need to be applied for the different target markets as according to William M. Pride (2009) a firm uses one marketing mix to reach one target market and a separate one for the other. For the case of Orangee, no specific demographic market was chosen. Instead our goal is to develop the product to be used by consumers of both genders and all ages, from infants to seniors. It is attended to be launch as a family product in order to give them an alternative for other sub-standard or expensive Orange juices. Marketing Tools and Techniques: Most of the businessmen at the initial stage of launching their product are a bit hesitant in spending lavishly on the marketing but nothing could be further from the truth. Proper product marketing is very critical and to have a defensive approach for that could almost certainly doom the product to failure. According to Sylva-Michele Sternkopf (2005: 107) majority of the companies interviewed for marketing tools stated that their increased profits reflects the importance of their marketing tools. So, this shows the importance and relevance of marketing tools for businesses to run successfully. Following are the marketing tools that will be incurred for the marketing of Orangee: Well Structured and Comprehensive Website As Orangee has a fair bit of budget as mentioned above, so nothing can be as good as a well designed website. It will be a first impression of the company and will be launched a moth before the launching of Orangee to make it popular among customers. It will be a comprehensive site covering all the aspects of the product including its competitors, price, offers etc. The expenses required to build the website would be 1000 pounds and would have 300 pounds for its maintenance each month. Brochures Brochures are yet another effective marketing tool for the purpose of the Orangee marketing. According to Scott C. Gladden (1996: 74) Brochures are the most informative marketing tool which can be used a direct hand-out or a mailer. It is a very inexpensive yet successful way of promoting the product. Brochures will be distributed in busy places like shopping malls, parks, educational institutions, tube stations etc. Newspaper Advertisements The only thing that can be better than cheap publicity is free publicity as newspaper advertisements provides just that. As nothing much the company has to do for it as the newspaper advertisements promotes the product automatically. It is also a very inexpensive marketing tool with effective outcomes. Timely and frequent promotions about Orangee price updates, special offers etc would be given in the best selling newspapers of UK. Television If the sales picks up in the introductory stage, then we can also think about promoting Orangee through television. At the time of launching the product, it can be a bit risky to invoke television for the purpose of marketing for it being the most expensive medium for marketing. Developing Orangee Branding: Branding is a single best buzzword in the marketing industry. Branding basically lays the basis for the marketing success of the product. According to Bill Chiaravalle (2006) Branding makes selling easier and develop a level of trust between the buyer and the company. Branding Philosophy: Branding is the process of changing minds. Just as products are created with hands, the brands are created with mind. For the purpose of promoting Orangee, people can be convinced by Brand awareness like Orangee is Vitamin C enriched or Having Orangee daily is a great way of strengthening body resistance etc. For the branding of Orangee, the tag line we are going to use will be OrangeE: Squeezed just the way you want. This tag line relates a lot with the product and will be used almost everywhere where the product is promoted like on the website, brochures, newspaper advertisements. Logo highlights the product branding part and so is for Orangee nevertheless. Logo of Orangee will set the overall impression of the product on the customers. A ripe orange in the partially squeezed form will be the logo for Orangee and would somehow relate with the above mentioned tagline also. Orangee Life Cycle: According to Anselmi Immonen (2008: 9) Product life cycle refers to a concept and a set of systematic phases that attempts to control the product information previously described. Product life cycle analysis of our product and other related products helps in identifying different loopholes in our product. Following are the key phases of Orangee life cycle: Growing: Material used to make fertilizers and pesticides. Fuel needed to set up the soil for planting. Watering in order to nourish the orange trees. Harvesting: Fuel to operate the harvesting equipment and delivering oranges to the processing premises. Processing: Equipment and Man-power needed to produce the orange juice. Water needed for washing and preparing orange juice. Usage of additives like sugar, taste enhancers etc Packaging: Materials and energy used for preparing Orangee juice containers and packing boxes. Distribution: Fuel required for transporting Orangee to stores. Retail: Electricity requirement in stores for refrigerating Orangee. Disposal: Fuel to transfer the wasted containers to the waste-yard or recycling place. Comparison of Orangee with Nestle Product Life Cycle: Nestle Orange juice is market pioneer and at the time of its introduction, its profits were negative. It was mainly due to the reason of its low sales and high distribution and promotion expenses. The other reason for its bad launching was its unawareness in the rural areas. But later on during the growth stage of Nestle life cycle, its profits sky rocketed by their effective promotion and formulating of new price strategies. And until now till its maturity, Nestle has sustained itself as standard orange juice providers and are a tough competitor for Orangee to compete with.

Saturday, January 18, 2020

Blasphemous Movie on Prophet Muhammad Essay

Abstract: Media is held responsible for the distorted and caricature image of Muslims and their most holy figure prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) in the West. The movie â€Å"innocence of Muslims† is the most recent stereotype demonstration of them. People’s thinking on a matter, which they don’t have much knowledge about, is largely formed by what media determines, following an agenda setting theory. Islam has always been such issue in the West and Muslims have always been shown as fanatics, extremists and violent killers thus giving negative connotations to Islam. According to semiotic theory of sighs, every image or sign has a coded message, which is always decoded by different people in the same way by a common cognitive system. When the messages in the carton images of Prophet Muhammad published by a Danish magazine Jyllands-Posten in 2006 were decoded, there was an outcry in the Muslim world, which later developed a carton controversy around the global politics. This blasphemous movie of prophet Muhammad, another genre of visual communication, created the same political conflict between East and West and upheaval in the politics of Muslim countries too. The first part of my paper which is a media plan for Pakistani government to deal with the issue, analyses how Muslim world reacted to this movie and how a troublesome situation in all the Muslim countries is affecting the relations of Muslims’ with the U.S. Second part examines how western media, in the name of freedom of speech, has been deconstructing the bodies of Muslims as violent treacherous men and their religion as a danger to West. This message has been continuously shot into the heads of masses since ages analyzing magic bullet theory of media. Media effects theory can easily elucidate the results of such efforts. The article advocates media should consider ethical boundaries while discussing religions and religious entities. Key words: Muslims, stereotypes, prophet Muhammad , cartons, movies, western media, protests, politics. Background of the problem. Just a 14 minute trailer of the blasphemous movie â€Å"innocence of Muslims† caused a great upheaval in the Muslim world .the holiest figure of Islam  prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) has been shown in this movie as a child molester, womanizer, drunk and a violent killer. This is not the first movie, there is a list of such movies against Muslims and Islam, e.g. Black Hawk Dawn, the kingdom, the Seige, fitna, which created havoc in Muslim world and we saw riots, violence, boycotts and deaths as a result of them. Later on, such trouble tic situations were always manipulated by politicians.(see links of movies trailers in references) This movie produced by Nakoula Basseley led Muslims protests in Egypt, Yemen, Libya, Iraq, India, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia and in many other Muslim countries including the killing of US ambassador to Libya in a violent attack by extremists. Obama and Clinton condemned this movie like many other governments of the countries, even Cindy Lee Garcia told The Hollywood Reporter that she and many actors were duped by filmmaker. â€Å"He has a price to pay, this Mr.Bacile, maybe not here on Earth, but he’ll stand before God one day for what he has done†. These protests were going on and â€Å"meanwhile a French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo published the controversial cartoons of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) further inflaming Muslims’ sentiments†.(the Dawn 30 sep) Such protests were started in earlier September in Pakistan where hundreds of thousands from all walks of life recorded their protest against this movie and publication of carton images again. Many marched towards US embassy in Islamabad and many were killed and wounded in clash with police there. There were rallies of protests nationwide having more than 45,000 people earlier in September, 21 were killed and 229 wounded, more than 200 protesters set fire to effigy of Barack Obama in the capital of Pakistani administered Kashmir.(Aljazeerah 21sep). Pakistanis are demanding from the government to stop missions with US If they don’t ban this movie altogether, though it was banned later in many Muslim countries on a request from Washington house to goggle. Problem for Pakistani Government: In Pakistan election campaigns are going on and the political parties are engaging mob in violent attacks to make unrest in the country. By highlighting the weaknesses of the government and the wrong dealings of the issue by the government, the other political parties are trying to take advantage of the situation. Many banners in the rallies led by other  political parties demand from government to shut US and French missions in Pakistan which is definitely not possible. So there is a great need to make a well developed strategy through media to handle the situation as president is loosing the popularity because of many stories of the corruption of government and this issue of blasphemy is very complex to handle as the demand to ban this movie cannot be accomplished at once like Pakistani are wishing. so is the case with their demands to shut the missions with US. Objectives of the media plan: 1) Stop the people from violent protests by giving references from Islamic values teaching peace and tolerance. 2) Gain trust and confidence of the people as a responsible government by focusing what government has done to deal with the issue. 3 minimize the nation’s hatred for US and shift their focus from their demands of not to assist US in the war going on in the region. 4) Present your nation’s viewpoint on international forums regarding the issue. Key messages of the plan: 1) By quoting from the life of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him), the people should be stopped from making violent protests and showing hatred to other countries as it is leaving a bad image of the nation and the Islam as well. Media should focus how prophet has taught Muslims to be tolerant and how he hated bloodshed and violence. So key message would be â€Å"Islam is a religion of tolerance not of violence†. 2) Key message to the west should be that we respect freedom of speech but reject freedom of hatred. This movie like other blasphemous movies and carton images of prophet Muhammad fall in the category of later. Such laws should be formulated to avoid these distasteful attempts leading to the unrest in the whole world. 3) Focus on requests of Obama’s government to goggle and you tube to ban the video and also tell your nation through the media the U.S effort to make the laws against such blasphemous acts in the future, so that their hatred towards America could be minimized as their demands to shut missions with America are not easy to be considered. Theoretical framework: Edward said’s famous work on the relations of east and west received much criticism that opens with a quotation by Karl Marx: ‘they cannot represent themselves, they must be represented’. So the west took as its responsibility to represent the east and civilize them by calling them uncivilized. Said unfolds the binary opposition as â€Å"self is familiar (Europe, the west, â€Å"us†) and the other is strange (the orient, the east, â€Å"them†) (said, 1978:43) Said asserts that European knowledge of the East goes arm in arm with expansionism, exploration and settlement. He argues that the ‘Orient’ is constructed and represented in the binary opposition against the Occident, as the ‘Other’. In many respects, the Orient is seen by European values, assumptions, and cultural codes and as the Occident’s other. He criticizes the way that the Occident views the Orient by her own culturally-determined and biased and limited historical perspectives.(Moosavinia, Niazi & Ghaforian,2011) The universal declaration of Human Rights states â€Å"everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression† (United Nations 1948). Some people could argue that they have boundless rights to mock other people’s religious believes including their holy books and holy figures. In the name of freedom of speech, 12 cartoons of Muslims Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him)were published by a Danish magazine. The one most debated showed prophet Muhammad as having a bomb in the cloth over his head. (Bond B, 2007) talks about Danish media landscape as â€Å"It is fair to say that the factual social vulnerability, the stereotyping, and the division between â€Å"them† and â€Å"us† in the news media, has created a very hostile rhetoric against visible foreigners and particularly Muslims.à ¢â‚¬  He also talks about Danish media representations of Muslim women. â€Å"Appearing in the 1970s the stereotype of minority women as oppressed and battered was prominent from the late 1990s to early 2000s. The  stereotype of oppressed minority women was emphasized by televised pictures of veiled women illustrating many stories about refugees and other immigrants. Another stereotype since the 1970s was the image of immigrant men as hypersexual threats to women† (Green L, & Aly A, 2011) state in their research that â€Å"there was some resentment voiced by Muslim respondents in interviews and focus groups that the media did not fully represent the diversity of Muslims and instead perpetuated stereotypes of Muslims: ‘the ugly Muslim male’ and ‘the oppressed Muslim female’. This mediated construction of Muslims was thought to provide an influential pathway for the broader community’s understanding of Muslims.† Reporting on Islam has been a mandatory part of western media agenda. A research about agenda of German media concludes as following. In summarizing the results, it can be said that in non-fictional formats such as magazines, talk shows, documentaries and reportages over 80% of the content reproduces an image of Islam that portrays this religion as a problem and a danger for politics and society. This image of Islam in the non-fictional formats of ARD and ZDF is an exaggerated image of violence and conflict, conveying the impression that Islam is less a religion than a political and social ideology that collides with the morality and values of the West. (Richter C, & Hafez K, 2009) Talking about the publication of caricature images of Muslims’ holiest figure of Muslims prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him), one can solemnly say that visuals have strong power of global communication. The analysis of one of the images is as following. The turban bomb could also be interpreted as a symbolic depiction of a globe and the Arabic inscription would thus be located in the Middle East. The ideological threat of Islam is translated into a fanaticized face, meant to depict the prophet of Islam, and also the non-communicative attitude of his followers, who are focused on destruction instead of dialogue. This was one of the most criticized of the 12 cartoons, presumably because of its hostile depiction of the prophet, and because of the implication that all Muslims are potentially dangerous suicide-bombers. (Mà ¼ller M Ãâ€"zcan E, & Seizov O, 2009). The examination of over 900 Hollywood movies by Jack Shaheen (2001) may be regarded as a cornerstone in Orientalism canon where he argued how the Hollywood film genre has stereotyped the Arab society by representing them  as greedy precarious men and subjugated women. Such stereotyped presentation paves a way in justification of American foreign policy with the Middle East. The continued production and successes of such movies as Black Hawk Down, The Kingdom and The Siege cannot be overlooked in light of the power struggles resulting from the ‘War on Terror’ and hegemonic representations of Muslim men and women in a variety of Western Media. The visual narrative in The Kingdom—with its deployment of the only American female main character, Janet Mayes, whose body was scripted to represent essential differences between white and brown women—illuminates imperialist discourses, with Muslim bodies becoming the battleground upon which such discourses are both visually and literally being fought. It was argued that a critical engagement with Hollywood cinema is necessary to unveil the complex ways in which Muslim bodies are scripted as dangerous, pre-modern and uncivilized in U.S popular culture. (Michelle Aguayo, 2009) Discussion: The concept of binary opposition given by Edward said (1978) op,cit. as â€Å"us† and the â€Å"Others† is applicable to present scenario easily, western media has always presented the eastern countries specially Muslim countries as â€Å"others† uncivilized, savages, brutal, untamed and western countries as â€Å"us† civilized, educated, tamed and rational. Thinking of Agenda setting approach, I can easily relate how western media has set an agenda against Muslims by presenting them always as violent, precarious, killers and women as oppressed. While talking about Danish media landscape, there were riots, protests, boycotts, deaths in Islamic world including the burning of Danish embassies in Syria and Egypt in response to publication of caricature images of prophet Muhammad. But the western media proved so stubborn that 143 newspapers in 56 countries of West re –published the images again after sometime. To mock Muslims’ holy figure, their holy book and to show Muslims stereotype was included in the common agenda of western media. Semiotic theory helps understanding the process of carrying meanings by those images as semiotics refers to Modality, which is a specific way to encode the information for presentation to people and the meaning, is conceived by people as an effect of it. A list of sign types is considered in such presentations like writing, symbol, color, map, index, graph etc. The different people decode all the signs in the same way by a common cognitive  system according to psychology of perception; this concept elucidates how all people about prophet as a terrorist decoded negative messages in such images of prophet Muhammad. The movie â€Å"Innocence of Muslims† brought another catastrophe in the hearts of Muslims that presented prophet Muhammad as a womanizer, child abuser, homosexual and a violent killer. The purpose of this low quality picture is just to mock and insult Islam and prophet Muhammad and the producer gave as many negative attributes to Prophet Muhammad as he could. Agenda setting approach of media can be helpful in understanding the western agenda of presenting Muslims and Islam as dangerous men and violent religion respectively. Another anti-Islamic movie â€Å"fitna† made by a Dutch parliamentarian Geert Wilders, where Quranic versus are shown alongside the scenes of terrorism. Those versus, in reality, are about the wars going on in that era of fourteen hundred years back but without giving the actual context those versus are misrepresented to show that Quran teaches Muslims to be violent killer. And this proved to be another extreme distortion of Islam. (See link in references). The production of such movies by Hollywood confirms common western agenda to present Muslims stereotypes. All these negative connotations continuously given to Islam and Muslims had a power to shape the thinking of people about Muslims as terrorists, that is also explained by Magic Bullet theory that messages by media are so powerful, and act as a bullet shot into the heads of people by shaping the thoughts of people in a magical way. So the people who don’t know much about Islam and Muslims mostly get Muslims as terrorists. Western media has cast a spell over the people by continuous shots of negativity into their heads. Media effects theory elucidates easily such stereotype representations of Muslims as we can see isolation of Muslims in the world and negative concepts of them in the eyes of common people in the west. People in the West always think of Muslims as extremists, the feelings of hatred and fear against Muslims is prevailing in the western society, which is the most visible effect of media’s stereotype presentations. Conclusion: Whenever media takes such blasphemous steps, they take to riots, protest and upheaval in Muslim countries, which may also lead to global political conflicts sometimes. The biased approach to one religion or to one  particular group of people is surely an attempt to divide the world population into the boundaries of pointless hatred. Media should take great care while talking about religion and religious entities. It should consider some ethical limits while talking negative about Islam as it hurts the feelings of almost 2 billion people in the world. references http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HR0Vj-8dqTM&feature=fvsr http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f0ET9qez-Kshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3HLNawUg_ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AUJ6cxWdZwA3s Pakistan hit by anti-Islamic video protests. (2012, September21). Aljazeerah Said,Edward W. (1978). Orientalism. New York. Penguin Moosavinia, S. R., Niazi, N. N., & Ghaforian, A. (2011). Edward Said’s Orientalism and the Study of the Self and the Other in Orwell’s Burmese Days. Studies In Literature & Language, 2(1), 103-113. Bonde,B. (2007). How 12 Cartoons of the Prophet Mohammed were brought to Trigger an International Conflict. NORDICOM Review, 28(1), 33-48 Green, L., & Aly, A. (2011). How Australian Muslims Construct Western Fear of the Muslim Other. At The Interface / Probing The Boundaries, 7765-90 Richter C, Hafez K. The image of Islam in German public service television programmes. Journal Of Arab & Muslim Media Research [serial on the Internet]. (2009, Dec), [cited October 23, 2 012]; 2(3): 169-181. Available from: Communication & Mass Media Complete. Mà ¼ller, M. G., Ãâ€"zcan, E., & Seizov, O. (2009). Dangerous Depictions: A Visual Case Study of Contemporary Cartoon Controversies. Popular Communication, 7(1), 28-39. doi:10.1080/15405700802598361 Shaheen, Jack. (2001). Reel bad Arabs. New York: Olive Branch Press Aguayo, M. (2009). Representations of Muslim Bodies in The Kingdom: Deconstructing Discourses in Hollywood. Global Media Journal: Canadian Edition, 2(2), 41-56.

Friday, January 10, 2020

Importance of Educational Essay for Students

The LA Times recently ran an article on the decline of field trips in schools, especially since the establishment of No Child Left Behind. Under scrutiny and being analyzed for revision, the No Child Left Behind act has been accused of forcing teachers to focus on preparation for standardized tests at the expense of the overall learning experience. In essence, they will be so busy teaching the children to memorize facts that they will fail to teach them to learn. The article in the Times, written by Seema Mehta, suggests that funding for field trips has declined due to the focus on standardized learning. The teachers featured in the article worry that the educational experience suffers with the decline in field trips.According to the article, there are groups who have recognized the decline and, believing field trips to still be a valuable component to a child's education, have found ways around the problem. Museums have tailored and enhanced their exhibits to comply so well with the standardized requirements that administrators are more willing to include the trips into their schedules. Target was also moved to action, creating a grant program for educators for the purpose of field trips.Perhaps the first and best intervention for this dilemma will be for parents and educators to continue to champion the value of extra-classroom experience for a child's learning environment. If field trips continue to decline in the elementary levels, perhaps educational tours at the secondary and college level will gain momentum. My first trip out of the country was to Colombia, South America, one year after graduating from high school. Possibly the most reluctant student on the journey, I believe now I had the most to learn. That trip awakened me to life in a way I had never imagined. The unfamiliar sights and sounds stirred my senses

Thursday, January 2, 2020

Antigone vs. Kreon - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1356 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/05/23 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Antigone Essay Did you like this example? Upon currently taking a college course based upon what the good life consists of, Sophocles Antigone offers a new perspective that helps students gain a much better understanding of how others share a different view of what the good life may be. The play offers a multitude of situations, which allows for perfect opportunities to relate the playrs content to the class itself. In the first act, the audience is introduced to the characters Antigone and Kreon, who share separate moral and ethical views. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Antigone vs. Kreon" essay for you Create order Once analyzing the play, between Antigone and Kreon, Antigone is the most sympathetic character. Antigone is the most sympathetic character because she knew her original ambition and stayed on her own path, despite warnings and other characters attempts to steer her in another direction. It is also revealed later in the play that Kreonrs actions are the reason that many lives (including Antigone) had ended in misfortune, which is yet another reason that it is easier to sympathize more with Antigone rather than Kreon. Kreonrs ambitions are also shown throughout the play, and although Kreon had shown good morals towards the conclusion of the play, it was much too late. The morals of a character is one of the main factors the audience uses to determine the type of person they are, whether it may be leaning towards good or bad. In the beginning of Antigone, Antigoners ambition is shown clearly in which she wants to help her brothers. Although it is not known who these brothers are yet, it is given that they are in imminent danger and Antigone wants to help. Actions like the one shown in the very beginning with Anitgone explaining to Ismene You must decide whether you will help me or not (Sophocles 29) is a strong example of good morals, which gives Antigone more sympathy. To the audience, this line is a person asking another person for help to do something that they believe is good. It is true that just because that person believes so does not mean it is necessarily true, however, it is a quality of a sympathetic person. Another quality of a sympathetic person is doing what one believes is right, even whether others believe it is wrong. Antigone faced this situation with Ismene, who spends a reasonable amount of time convincing Antigone how much of a bad idea it is to go through with Antigoners ambition (16-51), due to the consequences being faced if Kreon were to find out. However, with Antigoners mind already made up, she decides to go through with her task. Kreon also does this later in the play, but what makes Kreonrs situation different is that Kreonrs decisions were made with negative intentions. Kreonrs belief is that the person Antigone was aiming to bury, Polyneices, is not a good person. This results in a declaration that Polyneices is not allowed to be buried, something that Antigone does not agree with. The audience can sympathize more with Antigone in comparison to Kreon, since the person in question is Antigoners brother. One crucial piece of information personally gained while taking this course is that doing something that others may not encourage may have justified reasoning as long as it is done with good intentions. This does not apply to all situations, but it is shown in countless examples throughout many reading pieces. For example, in Hermann Hessers Siddhartha, Siddhartha chooses to take the journey seeking enlightenment, despite not receiving support from his father and best friend. Siddharthars intentions were clear, and did not mean to cause harm to others. It is up to the audience to determine if a character deserves sympathy, whether it may be Siddhartha or Antigone, however Antigoners intentions were not harmful as well. Both of these characters perspective of the good life and what it consists of can be used towards oners own version of the good life, along with morals and ethics. Antigoners sympathy is drawn from her morals, which have shown to be positive in the play thus far. Although Antigone is easier to sympathize with, that is not to say that Kreon does not deserve any amount of sympathy. Both Kreon and Antigone held positive and negative attributes. As shown in Line 351, Antigone admits to the burial even though Antigone knew it was against the law. This gives Antigone less credibility, since there could have been better possible options. From Kreonrs perspective, he is a ruler, and believes that he must do what is best to protect Thebes. Although this is shows good ethic from Kreon, this does not justify any of Kreonrs actions or validate that he is morally a good person. Despite the positive and negatives from both Kreon and Antigone, what makes Antigone receive more sympathy is the permanent decision that Kreon makes based upon temporary feelings. This one action by Kreon led to a series of misfortunate events, which also causes the audience to take away any sort of sympathy they may have towards Kreon thus far in the play. Although Antigoners action is nonviolent, Kreonrs anger leads him to lock away Antigone in Line 710. Kreonrs anger towards Polyneices is translated through that one action, ultimately leading to three deaths. Antigone defends herself when confronted by Kreon, but Kreon does not listen despite Ismene and the Chorus pleads. Having an open mind is a characteristic of a person who not only has good morals, but is worth sympathizing. In the very beginning, when Ismene pleaded for Antigone not to go through with the burial, Antigone had listened to what Ismene had to say. The difference between Antigoners and Kreonrs reaction to those who are opposed to either one of their actions, is that Antigone took into consideration to what the opposing side (Ismene) had to say; which is shown through Antigone responding to Ismene with That must be your excuse, I suppose. But as for me (62). Kreonrs decision to lock Antigone away also lead to not only the death of Antigone, but also the death of his son and the fiance of Antigone (920-930). Kreon made a decision without realizing the impact that it may have on people, while in contrast, Antigone knew the impact that her decision would have of the burial. It is arguable that if Antigone had never went through with her original ambitions that the deaths would not have happened in the first place. However, Kreonrs decision was changed at a moment that was much too late. This is a major turning point for Kreon in the play, and Kreon gains back sympathy from the audience once he begins to realize the consequences of his actions. Antigone ends with Kreon realizing the misfortune he must endure due to one single action that he made. Kreon did not take other perspectives into consideration, and used the temporary anger he had towards Polyneices to make a permanent decision towards Antigone. This leaves the audience with gained perspective, as well as a look on how both Kreon and Antigone tried to achieve their own version of the good life. The audience can then apply the sympathy they gained towards these two characters to their personal versions of a good life. Both Antigone and Kreon have experienced plenty of misfortune, however, Antigone is the most sympathetic character of the two. Antigone and Kreon had different versions of what they though was right and wrong, however, their ambitions show their true character. Kreonrs ambition was to get avenge the mistakes Polyneices, while Antigone had merely intended to save Polyneices from death. When taken into account that not only did Kreonrs one action result in a series of misfortune, but Antigoners good ethics and ambition overpower Kreonrs as well. If Kreon had chosen a different course of action such as sympathizing with Antigone, the misfortunes could have been avoided. However, that was not the case, but fortunately that allows the audience to learn from both Antigone and Kreonrs flaws and weaknesses and apply that to their own lives. It is still just as important that the audience recognizes the sympathy Antigone deserved instead of the sympathy that Kreon could have received.